REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

First International Aviation Agreement:

INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION OF AIR NAVIGATION(ICAN)

•  Formed in 1922
•  Participated by 38 states
•  HQ in Paris
•  Fostered Civil Aviation 1922-1939

• In 1943, United States initiated the study of post-war Civil Aviation problems.
• In Nov 1944, United States invited 54 countries to  attend an International Civil Aviation Conference in Chicago. 

CHICAGO CONVENTION

• On 7 Dec 1944 – A Convention was signed by 52 countries and known as Chicago Convention. 
• Superseded the  International Air Convention
• Dissolves ICAN
• Signatories are CONTRACTING STATES

CHICAGO CONVENTION : ARTICLES & PARTS

The Chicago Convention, which was signed on 7 December 1944, consists of 96 Articles and is divided into 4 Parts. 

The 96 articles:

• Establish the privileges and restrictions of all contracting States;
• Set-up International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO).
• Provide for the  adoption of International Standards and Recommended Practices regulating international air transport.

INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION (ICAO)

• Formed in 4th April 1947
• Governing body for international aviation
• HQ in Montreal
• Specialized agency under United Nation (UN)
• Members are called CONTRACTING STATES

CHICAGO CONVECTION

Signatories of Chicago Convention

• Currently 188 contracting states (2003)
• Automatic members of ICAO
• Adopt Annexes
• Members states REPRESENTED BY NATIONAL AVIATION AUTHORITIES (NAA)(countries)

NATIONAL AVIATION AUTHORITIES (NAA)

Department of Civil Aviation of Malaysia (DCA MALAYSIA)

CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY OF UNITED KINGDOM ( CAA  UK ).

• AUTHORITY BODY FOR THE UK

FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION FOR THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 

( FAA USA )

• AUTHORITY BODY FOR THE U.S.A.
• HAS GLOBAL INFLUENCE

JOINT AVIATION AUTHORITIES ( JAA ) of the European countries

     

Consists of 37 members. Some of them are :

         

 Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,

 Netherland, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, Yugoslavia

• EASA is the National Aviation Authority of European Union.
• At present, there are JAA and EASA. Sooner or later, JAA will be replaced by EASA.
• In future, EASA will represent all 41 European countries ( EU members & Non-EU members ).
• EASA is equivalent to FAA.

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)

Role of ICAO:

• To develop and set up common guidelines on:

          (a) Principles, techniques and arrangements 

          (b) Technical standards and recommended practices

• To foster planning and development of international air transport 
• To apply principles globally

ICAO OBJECTIVES

• To ensure the safe and orderly growth of international civil aviation throughout the world
• To encourage the arts of aircraft design and operation for peaceful purposes
• To encourage the development of airways, airports, and air navigation facilities for international civil aviation
• To meet the needs of the peoples of the world for safe, regular, efficient and economical air transport
• To prevent economic waste caused by unreasonable competition;
• To ensure that the rights of contracting states are fully respected and that every contracting states has a fair opportunity to operate international airlines;
• To avoid discrimination between contracting states
• Promote safety of flight in international air navigation
• Promote generally the development of all aspects  of international civil aeronautics

ICAO ANNEXES

• Has 18 Annexes
•  Important Annexes:
•  Annex 1 – Personnel Licensing
•  Annex 6 – Operation of Aircraft
•  Annex 8 – Airworthiness of Aircraft

EASA REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

ROLE OF EASA

• Assist the European Commission in preparing EU legislation, and overseeing its application and its uniform understanding
• Issue Certificates: Type Certificate(TCs),  Supplemental Type Certificate(STCs), EASA Technical Standard Order(ETSOs)
• Issue Airworthiness Directives
• Issue Design Organisation Approvals
• Competent Authority for NON-EU Organisations.
• Issue Maintenance Organisation Approval (MOA) for EU organisations
• Issue Product Organisation Approval (POA) for EU organisations
• Issue Part 147 approvals and licences
• Issue Part 66 licences
• Issue Certificate of Airworthiness (C of A)
• Competent Authority for local organisations

What is EASA?

• An agency of European Union (UN)
• Set up by an act of secondary legislation (the basic regulation)
• Defined responsibilities and task with respect to Civil Aviation Safety and environmental sustainability
• Given specific regulatory and executive tasks in the field of aviation safety
• Commenced operation on 28th September 2003
• HQ – shifted to Cologne on the 2nd of Nov 2004

Member State - Consists of European Union countries.

•  Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg,
• The Netherlands………………………………………….…1950s
•  Denmark, Ireland, the United Kingdom……………....…1973
•  Greece……………………………………………………...….1981
•  Portugal, Spain…………………………………….…………1986
•  Austria, Finland, Sweden…………………………………...1995
•  Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, 
•           Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovak Republic, Slovenia….2004
•  Romania, Bulgaria…………………………………………....2007
•  Turkey…………………………………………………....   ?

1st June 2005 Norway and Iceland (NON-EU) have participated in the Agency

 Commission Regulation 2042/2003 consist of  7 articles + 4 Annexes

ARTICLES

• Article 1: Objective and Scope
• Article 2: Definitions
• Article 3: Continuing Airworthiness Requirements
• Article 4: Maintenance Organisation Approvals
• Article 5: Certifying Staff
• Article 6: Training Organisation Requirements
• Article 7: Entry into Force

ANNEXES

• Annex 1 - Part M    : Continuing Airworthiness Requirements
• 
  
• Annex 2 - Part 145 : Approval of Maintenance Organisations - Commercial Air Transport & Large Aircraft
• 
  
• Annex 3 - Part 66   : Certifying Staff – Aircraft Maintenance License
• 
  
• Annex 4 - Part 147 : Training Organisation Requirements